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Understanding and Fixing 3D Printer Connector Issues

Terminology Overview

Wire - single conductor, Cable - multiple wires, Pitch - distance between pins, Terminal - metallic part crimped onto wire, Connector - plastic part holding wire and terminal, Pin header - fixed component for wire to board connection.

Wire to Board Connectors

1. JST XH Connector

  • Pitch: 2.54mm
  • Wire Gauge: 30 to 22
  • Current: 3A, Voltage: 250V
  • Commonly used in control boards

2. JST PH Connector

  • Pitch: 2mm
  • Wire Gauge: 32 to 24
  • Current: 2A, Voltage: 100V
  • Mostly found in stepper motors

3. Molex KK254

  • Pitch: 2.54mm
  • Wire Gauge: 30 to 22
  • Current: 4A, Voltage: 250V
  • Used in stepper motors and control boards

4. Molex QF-50

  • Pitch: 2.54mm
  • Wire Gauge: 28 to 26
  • Current: 1A, Voltage: 250V
  • Typically used in graphical LCDs

Power Distribution Connectors

  • JST R Series (Ring Terminals)
  • JST FV Series (Spade Terminals)
  • JST FVDF Series (Quick Disconnect)
  • JSTA (Blade Terminals)
  • Molex Minifit Junior (Computer Power Supply Connectors)
  • Ferrules (Boot Lace Ferrules)

General Purpose Connectors

  • FCI Mini PV (Dupont Connectors): Ideal for Arduino projects
  • Molex SL: Locking connectors for secure connections

Tips for Selecting Connectors

  1. Choose the right terminal for wire size
  2. Use a crimp tool for proper connections
  3. Utilize locking connectors for vibration resistance
  4. Ensure matching connectors for compatibility
  5. Select terminals rated for correct voltages and currents

Wire Size Guide

  • For Small Components: AG 30-24 for non-heat generating parts
  • For Hot End Heaters: AG 26-22, power typically 30-80W
  • For Heated Beds: AG 16-14, consider power and current requirements
  • Precaution: Consider higher voltages for heated beds

Conclusion

Understanding the various connectors used in 3D printers is essential for troubleshooting and maintenance. By selecting the right connectors, wire sizes, and following proper tips, users can ensure efficient and effective printer operation. Remember to refer back to this guide for assistance in future connector-related issues.

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